dr. M. Spirito

Associate Professor
Electronic Circuits and Architectures (ELCA), Department of Microelectronics

PhD thesis (Jun 2005): Enhanced Techniques for the Design and Characterization of RF Power Amplifiers
Promotor: J.N. Burghartz

Expertise: (Sub)mm-wave electronics components and systems, (Sub)mm-wave characterization techniques and test benches, advanced RF calibration concepts for room-temperature and cryogenic applications.

Themes: mm-wave sensors, Characterization and modelling up to sub THz, Microwave circuits

Biography

Marco Spirito (S’01-M’08) received the M.Sc. degree (cum laude) in electrical engineering from the University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree from the Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, in 2006. From 2000 to 2001, he was a guest at Infineon Technologies, Munich, Germany. In 2006, he joined the department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II.”

In April 2008 he joined the Electronics Research Laboratory at the Delft University of Technology as an Assistant Professor, where he is an Associate Professor since April 2013.

Dr. Spirito was the recipient of the Best Student Paper Award for his contribution to the 2002 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM) he received the IEEE MTT Society Microwave Prize in 2008, was a co-recipient of the best student paper award at IEEE RFIC 2011, and the GAAS Association Student Fellowship in 2012, the Best Student Paper Award in second place at the 2018 International Microwave Biomedical Conference, the Best Paper Award at the 2019 Winter ARFTG Conference, and the Best Student Paper Award at the 2019 Summer ARFTG Conference. Since 2018 he is a member of the Executive Committee (ExCom) of the The Automatic Radio Frequency Techniques Group (ARFTG) www.arftg.org.

My research focuses on the development of measurement techniques and test-benches, on the definition and implementation of novel system concepts and the improved calibration methods to reach the required performance in (sub)mm-wave frequency range. The investigation on measurement techniques starts with the implementation of novel high performance test-benches and develops into the realization of accurate measurements allowing to extract the key parameters of innovative device or sub-systems under test. The realization of unique tools (software and hardware) provides strategic know-how and infrastructures which enable the evaluation and further improvement of the system/device under test. Calibration techniques are the needed “recipes” to improve the characterization accuracy and/or provide new insight in the object under test.

Working on system level definition, calibration algorithms, and component level design allows me to effectively interact with complementary fields and colleagues, i.e., antenna and EM experts, device modelling specialists and circuit designers. Through an active co-operation, leveraging their skills, I am involved in the design, implementation and characterization of higher complexity systems operating at the frontier of high-frequency technologies.

EE2G1 Electrical Engineering for the Next Generation

BSc 2nd year project

EE4605 Integrated circuits and systems for wireless applications

Design and analysis of typical RF IC building blocks in a wireless transceiver

EE4730 High frequency wireless architectures

EE4C05 Electromagnetics

Basic introduction to the fundamental concepts of the Electromagnetics (EM)

EE4C13 Wireless systems for electrical engineering applications

Commonly used RF electronics architectures in wireless systems, with the requirements on their building blocks.

Education history

EE1L21 EPO-2: Smart Robot Challenge

(not running) Build, program and operate a functional autonomous mobile robot

EE3360TU Transmission Lines

(not running)

EE3385TU Phased Steering System

(not running) 5G and AutoRadar

Towards Energy-Efficient Tbps Wireless Links

TeraGreen will develop ultra wideband and low-power consumption BiCMOS transmitters and receivers integrated with lens array architectures at 300GHz, combined with baseband algorithms suitable for energy-efficient analog-to-digital conversion.  

THz silicon-Integrated CAMera for low-cost imaging applications

Develop a real-time multi pixel passive radiometer, operating between 0.1 THz and 1THz, integrated in a silicon based technology, with temperature resolution better than 1K

Microwave measurements for planar circuits and components

PlanarCal aims to aim of the project is to enable traceable measurement of integrated planar circuits and components from radio-frequency (RF) to sub-mm frequencies.

Integrated Near Field sensOrs for high Resolution MicrowavE spectRoscopy

The goal of this project is the creation of a new class of sensors, enabling fast and accurate dielectric characterization of biological samples, with high-sensitivity and high-spatial resolution.

Non-Galvanic Contactless Connectors for Power and Data Transfer

The WiCon project will provide low-cost, highly-integrated system solutions for galvanic connectors replacement in the consumer and industrial market segments.

Projects history

WAtt LEvel transmitters at mm-waves

The WhALE project targets, employing complementary expertise in the field of electromagnetics, system integration and integrated circuit design, to develop the next generation of mmwave transmitters.

STW Take-off phase1: High gamma vector network analysis

HΓ-VNA targets the implementation of a new measurement technique, enabling accurate characterization of electronic devices as well as biological and organic materials, which share the common characteristic of presenting extreme loading condition in the RF/Microwave frequency range.

Metrology for optical and RF communication systems

To develop traceable methods for RF power and MIMO antenna measurements and cost-effective metrological solutions for smart, adaptive, reconfigurable and wearable antennas.

THz silicon-integrated camera for low-cost imaging applications

Develop a real-time multi pixel passive radiometer, operating between 0.1 THz and 1THz, integrated in a silicon based technology, with temperature resolution better than 1K

Dotseven

DOTSEVEN is a very ambitious 3.5 year R&D project targeting the development of silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies with cut-off frequencies (fmax) up to 700 GHz.

From RF to MMW and THz silicon SoC technologies

Silicon technology platforms for emerging RF, millimetre-wave and THz consumer applications.

  1. Advances in Hardware and Measurement Techniques to Enable Better Millimeter-Wave Device Characterization and Modeling
    Spirito, Marco; Martens, Jon;
    IEEE Microwave Magazine,
    Volume 26, Issue 4, pp. 32-44, 2025. DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2024.3524849
    Keywords: ... Radio frequency;Performance evaluation;Microwave measurement;Millimeter wave devices;Measurement techniques;Microwave devices;Microwave theory and techniques;Hardware;Foundries;Frequency measurement.

  2. Non-Contact Dielectric Spectroscopy of Multi-Layered Substrates: Towards Organ-on-Chip Applications
    Hosman, Tim; Mastrangeli, Massimo; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology,
    pp. 1-8, 2025. DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2025.3538953
    Keywords: ... Probes;Sensors;Permittivity measurement;Permittivity;Sensitivity;Dielectrics;Thickness measurement;Position measurement;Phantoms;Noise measurement;Dielectric spectroscopy;label-free;micro-physiological systems;non-contact;open-ended coaxial probe;organ-on-chip;proof-of-principle;reflectometer;sensing;single-layer extraction.

  3. A Core-Shell Lens for Antenna On-Package Integration at D-Band
    Rooijen, Nick van; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Bueno, Juan; Bechrakis Triantafyllos, Alexandros; Sberna, Paolo M.; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,
    Volume 72, Issue 8, pp. 6195-6208, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3417628
    Keywords: ... Lenses;Antennas;Antenna feeds;Permittivity;Geometry;Bandwidth;Antenna arrays;D-band;dual-lens antenna;lens antenna;millimeter-wave antenna;on-package antenna.

  4. Demonstration of Near Diffraction-Limited Terahertz Images Using a CMOS-Integrated Chessboard Array
    Hoogelander, Martijn; van Dijk, Robbin; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria; Alonso-delPino, Maria;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 14, Issue 4, pp. 531-536, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3387650
    Keywords: ... Imaging;Lenses;Image resolution;Cameras;Couplings;Image edge detection;Terahertz communications;Diffraction;Optical imaging;Diffraction-limited resolution;direct-detection;focal plane array (FPA);quasi-optical (QO) imaging system;silicon-integrated antenna array;terahertz imaging.

  5. A Near-Field Quasi-Optical Measurement Technique for Probe-Fed High-Gain Backside-Radiating Antennas
    Van Rooijen, Nick; Spirito, M.; Triantafyllos, A. Bechrakis; Llombart, N.; Alonso-delPino, M.;
    In 2024 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2024,
    pp. 904-907, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/IMS40175.2024.10600366
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Microwave measurement;Microwave antennas;Accuracy;Reflector antennas;Microwave theory and techniques;Calibration;Near-field measurement technique;Probe-fed antenna;backside radiating antenna;antenna in-package characterization;sub-THz frequency characterization;D-band.

  6. Chessboard Focal Plane Array for a CMOS-Integrated Terahertz Camera
    Hoogelander, Martijn; van Berkel, Sven; Malotaux, Eduard Satoshi; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Cavallo, Daniele; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 13, Issue 6, pp. 704-717, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2023.3297072
    Keywords: ... Lenses;Apertures;Imaging;Antenna arrays;Silicon;Feeds;Cameras;CMOS technology;High-resolution imaging;Leaky wave antennas;Ultra wideband technology;CMOS antenna array;direct detector;focal plane array (FPA);high-resolution imaging;leaky-wave antennas;lens antenna array;passive imaging;terahertz (THz);ultrawideband.

  7. Electrically Small High Permittivity Lens Antenna Using Artificially Loaded Thermoplastics at 170 GHz
    Rooijen, Nick van; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Bueno, Juan; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    In 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299096
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Drilling;Slot antennas;Permittivity measurement;Prototypes;Plastics;Permittivity.

  8. A Tightly-Sampled Focal Plane Array in 2nm CMOS with Integrated Direct-Detectors for Terahertz Imaging Applications
    Hoogelander, M.; van Dijk, R.; Alonso-delPino, M.; Spirito, M.; Llombart, N.;
    In 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299266
    Keywords: ... Semiconductor device modeling;Terahertz wave imaging;Mutual coupling;Image resolution;Sensitivity;Apertures;Feeds.

  9. A Rigorous Analysis of the Random Noise in Reflection Coefficients Synthesized via Mixed-Signal Active Tuners
    Mubarak, Faisal; Munoz, Fabio; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2023 101st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG57476.2023.10279048
    Keywords: ... Additive noise;Tuners;Baseband;Uncertainty;Impedance measurement;Transfer functions;Reflection coefficient;S-parameter noise;frequency domain noise;residual-error;noise analysis;uncertainty analysis;vector network analyzer (VNA).

  10. Spectral Purity Evaluation of VNA Frequency Extenders to Enable Electronic Software-Based Power Control
    De Martino, C.; Lopez, J. Bueno; Spirito, M.;
    In 2023 101st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 01-04, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG57476.2023.10279333
    Keywords: ... Power measurement;Power control;Power system harmonics;Harmonic analysis;Software;Frequency measurement;Calibration;mm-wave;frequency extenders;spectral purity;device characterization;large-signal;s-parameter.

  11. Over-the-Air Characterization Techniques for Antenna-Coupled Direct-Detectors at Terahertz Frequencies
    Hoogelander, M.; Alonso-delPino, M.; Llombart, N.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2023,
    pp. 919-922, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10187910
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Microwave measurement;Terahertz wave imaging;Voltage measurement;Frequency modulation;Sensitivity;Microwave theory and techniques;Terahertz imaging;direct-detection;over-the-air measurement;antenna measurement;modulation;wideband measurement;antenna array.

  12. Impedance Standard Substrate Characterization and EM model definition for Cryogenic and Quantum-Computing Applications
    Shokrolahzade, Ehsan; Sebastiano, Fabio; Mubarak, Faisal; Babaie, Masoud; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2023,
    pp. 557-560, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10188097
    Keywords: ... Temperature measurement;Kelvin;Cryogenics;Microwave devices;Transformers;Load management;Calibration.

  13. Reduced Calibration Error Employing Parametrized EM models and DC Load Extraction
    Shokrolahzade, Ehsan; De Martino, Carmine; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2023 100th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG56062.2023.10148882
    Keywords: ... Semiconductor device modeling;Resistors;Radio frequency;Analytical models;Perturbation methods;Calibration;Probes;Vector Network Analyzer;calibration;on-wafer;probe-level;Short Open Load Reciprocal;SOLR;Quartz.

  14. Calibration approaches in Multi-Node Antenna Characterization Setups
    Coesoij, R. A.; Musters, F. A.; Roos, D.; van Velden, T.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2023 100th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG56062.2023.10148881
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Phased arrays;Microwave measurement;Systematics;Current measurement;Real-time systems;Calibration;[multi-probe;antenna measurement;over-the-air;scalar radiation pattern;dual-polarized;polarization;detector].

  15. A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies
    Mortazavi, Mohsen; Shen, Yiyu; Mul, Dieuwert; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Spirito, Marco; Babaie, Masoud;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 57, Issue 3, pp. 803-817, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3133861
    Keywords: ... Transformers;Power generation;Impedance;Transmitters;Resistance;Linearity;Baseband;Digital phase modulator (DPM);digital polar transmitter (DPTX);digital power amplifier (DPA);Doherty design guide;millimeter-wave transmitter (TX);power amplifier (PA);series Doherty combiner (SDC).

  16. First Demonstration of Dynamic High-Gain Beam Steering With a Scanning Lens Phased Array
    Bosma, Sjoerd; Van Rooijen, Nick; Alonso-Delpino, Maria; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Journal of Microwaves,
    Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 419-428, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2022.3179953
    Keywords: ... Lenses;Phased arrays;Arrayed waveguide gratings;Gratings;Antenna radiation patterns;Phase measurement;Beam steering;Beam steering;lens antennas;millimeter waves;phase shifting;phased arrays.

  17. Extending the Open-Short de-embedding frequency via metal-l on-wafer calibration approaches
    Esposito, C.; De Martino, C.; Lehmann, S.; Zhao, Z.; Mothes, S.; Kretzschmar, C.; Schröter, M.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2022 99th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG54656.2022.9896529
    Keywords: ... Radio frequency;Analytical models;Three-dimensional displays;Fixtures;Data models;Calibration;Topology;Calibration;De-embedding;mm-Wave;Open-Short.

  18. Diffraction-Limited Imaging Demonstration using a Silicon Integrated Array at Terahertz Frequencies
    Hoogelander, Martijn; Van Berkel, Sven; Malotaux, Satoshi; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Spirito, Marco; Neto, Andrea; Cavallo, Daniele; Llombart, Nuria;
    In 2022 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895490
    Keywords: ... Terahertz wave imaging;Image resolution;Prototypes;CMOS technology;Silicon;Antenna arrays;Signal to noise ratio;Diffraction-limited resolution;Silicon integrated array;direct-detection;antenna-coupled detector;QO imaging system;submillimeter-wave imaging;broadband antenna;THz imaging.

  19. Employing M1 direct calibration/de-embedding approaches for large signal model validation at mm-wave frequencies
    De Martino, C.; Esposito, C.; Schroter, M.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2022 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895785
    Keywords: ... Semiconductor device modeling;Measurement;CMOS technology;Foundries;Calibration.

  20. W-Band Demonstration of Dynamic, High-Gain Beam Steering with a Scanning Lens Phased Array
    Bosma, Sjoerd; Rooijen, Nick van; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    In 2022 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895677
    Keywords: ... Phased arrays;Antenna measurements;Beam steering;Phase measurement;Prototypes;Gain measurement;Antenna feeds.

  21. Core-Shell Leaky-Wave Lens Antenna for 150GHz Fly’s Eye Communication Systems
    Rooijen, Nick van; delPino, Maria Alonso; Spirito, Marco; Llombart, Nuria;
    In 2022 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895815
    Keywords: ... Communication systems;Dielectric materials;Bandwidth;Aperture antennas;Dielectrics;Microstrip;Lenses.

  22. Wideband Modeling of CMOS Schottky Barrier Diode Detectors for THz Radiometry
    Berkel, Sven van; Malotaux, Eduard Satoshi; Martino, Carmine de; Spirito, Marco; Cavallo, Daniele; Neto, Andrea; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 11, Issue 5, pp. 495-507, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2021.3085137
    Keywords: ... Modeling;Ultra wideband technology;Submillimeter wave technology;Wideband;Radiometry;Schottky diodes;Noise-equivalent power (NEP);noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD);passive imaging;radiometry;Schottky barrier diode (SBD);submillimeter wave;terahertz (THz);ultrawideband.

  23. H-Band Quartz-Silicon Leaky-Wave Lens With Air-Bridge Interconnect to GaAs Front-End
    Arias Campo, Marta; Holc, Katarzyna; Weber, Rainer; De Martino, Carmine; Spirito, Marco; Leuther, Arnulf; Bruni, Simona; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 297-309, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2021.3049640
    Keywords: ... Lenses;Dipole antennas;Antennas;Wideband;Silicon;Antenna feeds;Gallium arsenide;Air-bridge chip interconnect;antenna-in-package;H-band;leaky-wave antenna;lens antenna;mm-wave;off-chip antenna.

  24. A 30GHz 4-way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter Achieving 18% Drain Efficiency and -27.6dB EVM while Transmitting 300MHz 64-QAM OFDM Signal
    Mortazavi, Mohsen; Shen, Yiyu; Mul, Dieuwert. P. N.; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Spirito, Marco; Babaie, Masoud;
    In 2021 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC),
    pp. 1-2, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/CICC51472.2021.9431396
    Keywords: ... Application specific integrated circuits;Transmitters;Power combiners;Communication systems;Scalability;Conferences;Modulation.

  25. Pre-Silicon direct Calibration/De-embedding Evaluation and Device Parameters Uncertainty Estimation
    Esposito, C.; De Martino, C.; Lehmann, S.; Zhao, Zhixing; Schroter, M.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2021 97th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52261.2021.9640156
    Keywords: ... Uncertain systems;Uncertainty;Transducers;Systematics;Measurement uncertainty;Mathematical models;Data models;[Calibration;De-embedding;mm-wave].

  26. The Antenna Dome Real-Time Distributed Antenna Pattern Characterization System
    Musters, F. A.; Coesoij, R.A.; Migliore, M.D.; Schettino, F.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2021 97th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-5, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG52261.2021.9640079
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Interpolation;5G mobile communication;Microprocessors;Systems architecture;Computer architecture;Real-time systems.

  27. A Novel Calibration Method for Active Interferometer-Based VNAs
    Mubarak, F. A.; Romano, R.; Rietveld, G.; Spirito, M.;
    IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,
    Volume 30, Issue 8, pp. 829-832, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2020.3006701
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Interferometers;Measurement uncertainty;Impedance measurement;Impedance;Q measurement;Radio frequency;Calibration;extreme impedance measurement;impedance mismatch;measurement;microwave interferometry;nanoelectronics;nanostructures;noise;traceability;vector network analyzer (VNA).

  28. Hardware and Software Solutions for Active Frequency Scalable (Sub)mm-Wave Load–Pull
    De Martino, Carmine; Galatro, Luca; Romano, Raffaele; Parisi, Gaetano; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 68, Issue 9, pp. 3769-3775, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3005178
    Keywords: ... Frequency control;Hardware;Frequency modulation;Frequency synthesizers;Frequency measurement;Power measurement;Device modeling;large-signal characterization;load–pull;mixed-signal;mm-wave.

  29. Wideband Double Leaky Slot Lens Antennas in CMOS Technology at Submillimeter Wavelengths
    van Berkel, Sven; Malotaux, Eduard Satoshi; De Martino, Carmine; Spirito, Marco; Cavallo, Daniele; Neto, Andrea; Llombart, Nuria;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 10, Issue 5, pp. 540-553, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2020.3006750
    Keywords: ... Lenses;Silicon;Antenna measurements;Slot antennas;Metals;Bandwidth;CMOS antennas;direct detection;double slot;leaky lenses;leaky wave;millimeter waves;on-chip antennas;submillimeter waves;terahertz (THz);THz imaging;ultrawideband.

  30. Equivalent Circuit Modeling of a Single-Ended Patch Sensing Element in Integrated Technology
    Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Hu, Zhebin; Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Spirito, Marco; Neto, Andrea;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 68, Issue 1, pp. 17-26, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2956938
    Keywords: ... Sensors;Permittivity;Apertures;Biological system modeling;Computational modeling;Load modeling;Numerical models;Equivalent transmission line model;permittivity sensors.

  31. System NEP Verification of a Wideband THz Direct Detector in CMOS
    van Berkel, S.L.; Malotaux, E.S.; de Martino, C.; Spirito, M.; Cavallo, D.; Neto, A.; Llombart, N.;
    In 2020 45th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-1, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz46771.2020.9370624
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Semiconductor device modeling;Schottky diodes;Slot antennas;Schottky barriers;Detectors;Wideband.

  32. Towards Commercially Available Quartz Calibration Substrates
    Galatro, Luca; De Martino, Carmine; van ‘t Hof, Jos; Alomari, Mohammed; Sailer, Holger; Burghartz, Joachim; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2020 95th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-5, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG47271.2020.9241374
    Keywords: ... Semiconductor device modeling;Silicon compounds;Microwave measurement;Stability criteria;Network analyzers;Benchmark testing;Silicon;VNA;calibration;on-wafer;probe-level;RSOL;fused silica.

  33. Over-the-Air Characterization Of mm-Wave On-Chip Antennas and Tx Modules, Concept and Calibration
    De Martino, C.; Visweswaran, Akshay; Spirito, M.;
    In 2020 95th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG47271.2020.9241375
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Microwave measurement;Microwave antennas;Phase measurement;Power measurement;Receivers;Calibration;Over-the-Air;Antenna Measurements;mm-wave;THZ measurements;Phase Calibration;power calibration;phase-coherent sources.

  34. Vector gain based EVM estimation at mm-wave frequencies
    Van ‘t Hof, J.; De Martino, C.; Malotaux, S.; Squillante, M.; Marchetti, M.; Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2020 95th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-5, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG47271.2020.9241384
    Keywords: ... Performance evaluation;Millimeter wave transistors;Power measurement;Millimeter wave measurements;Loading;Millimeter wave technology;Gain measurement;5G;EVM;linearity;mm-wave characterization;vector gain.

  35. An integrated 132-147GHz power source with +27dBm EIRP
    Visweswaran, Akshay; Haag, Alexander; de Martino, Carmine; Disch, Karina; Maiwald, Tim; Vignon, Bastien; Aufinger, Klaus; Spirito, Marco; Zwick, Thomas; Wambacq, Piet;
    In 2020 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC),
    pp. 219-222, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/RFIC49505.2020.9218353
    Keywords: ... Transistors;Substrates;Dielectric resonator antennas;Stability analysis;Power amplifiers;Layout.

  36. Automated Contacting of On-Wafer Devices for RF Testing
    Mubarak, F.; Martino, C. D.; Toskovic, R.; Rietveld, G.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM),
    pp. 1-2, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/CPEM49742.2020.9191800
    Keywords: ... Probes;Frequency measurement;Substrates;Measurement uncertainty;Coplanar waveguides;Correlation;Software measurement;On-wafer probing;on-wafer contacting;microwave measurements;measurement techniques;measurement uncertainty;precision measurements;uncertainty.

  37. Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA
    Mubarak, Faisal Ali; Romano, Rafaelle; Galatro, Luca; Mascolo, Vincenzo; Rietveld, Gert; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 67, Issue 1, pp. 249-260, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2874667
    Keywords: ... Noise measurement;Impedance measurement;Frequency measurement;Impedance;Broadband communication;Radio frequency;Sensitivity;Extreme impedance measurement;impedance mismatch;microwave interferometry;nanoelectronics;nanostructures;noise;vector network analyzer (VNA).

  38. Miniaturized Broadband Microwave Permittivity Sensing for Biomedical Applications
    Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Hu, Zhebin; Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Neto, Andrea; Pertijs, Michiel A. P.; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology,
    Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 48-55, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2018.2882564
    Keywords: ... Sensors;Permittivity;Bridge circuits;Radio frequency;Permittivity measurement;Metals;Microwave circuits;Bridge circuits;biomedical sensors;complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors;complex permittivity measurement;microwave sensors.

  39. High Resolution Passive THz Imaging Array With Polarization Reusage in 22nm CMOS
    van Berkel, S. L.; Malotaux, E. S.; van den Bogert, B.; Spirito, M.; Cavallo, D.; Neto, A.; Llombart, N.;
    In 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8874183
    Keywords: ... Imaging;Radiometry;Detectors;Antenna arrays;Image resolution;Broadband antennas.

  40. A TRL Error-box Split Procedure to Compensate for the Bias Dependency Effects in Device Test-Fixtures
    De Martino, C.; Malotaux, E.S.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2019 93rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-6, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2019.8739197
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Electrostatic discharges;Perturbation methods;Fixtures;Capacitance;Mathematical model;Scattering parameters;mm-wave;ESD;on-wafer;Antenna effect;S-parameters;TRL calibration.

  41. The HΓ-VNA, an Interferometric Approach for the Accurate Measurement of Extreme Impedances
    Romano, Raffaele; Mubarak, Faisal; Spirito, Marco; Galatro, Luca;
    In 2019 93rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-6, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2019.8739232
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Impedance;Impedance measurement;Sensitivity;Reflection coefficient;Standards;Mixers;vector network analyzer;extreme impedance;interferometer;IQ mixer;high gamma.

  42. A 3D Printed TE10 Rectangular to TE01 Circular Waveguide Transition for Polymer Waveguide Characterization
    Del Mastro, M.; Del Pino, M. Alonso; Spirito, M.;
    In 2019 92nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-3, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2019.8637235
    Keywords: ... Plastics;Waveguide transitions;Three-dimensional displays;Rectangular waveguides;Calibration;Optical waveguides;Copper;rectangular to circular transition;mode transducer;polymer waveguide;mm-wave.

  43. A 40-nm CMOS Complex Permittivity Sensing Pixel for Material Characterization at Microwave Frequencies
    Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Pertijs, Michiel A. P.; Spirito, Marco; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 66, Issue 3, pp. 1619-1634, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2753228
    Keywords: ... Permittivity;Permittivity measurement;Biomedical measurement;Microwave theory and techniques;Microwave measurement;Sensor phenomena and characterization;Biomedical sensors;bridge circuits;complex permittivity measurement;integrated microwave circuits;micro-wave sensors.

  44. A Compact Energy Efficient CMOS Permittivity Sensor Based on Multiharmonic Downconversion and Tunable Impedance Bridge
    Vlachogiannakis, G.; Hu, Z.; Shivamurthy, H. Thippur; Neto, A.; Pertijs, M.A.P; de Vreede, L. C. N.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2018 IEEE International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC),
    pp. 1-3, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/IMBIOC.2018.8428950
    Keywords: ... Permittivity measurement;Bridge circuits;Permittivity;Frequency measurement;Time measurement;Sensors;Battery charge measurement;Bridge circuits;chemical and biological sensors;sensitivity;near field;microwave sensors;permittivity;wearable sensors.

  45. A 5×5 Microwave Permittivity Sensor Matrix in O.14-m CMOS
    Hu, Zhebin; Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Pertijs, Michiel A.P.; de Vreede, Leo; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2018 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS,
    pp. 1160-1163, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2018.8439438
    Keywords: ... Permittivity;Bridge circuits;Radio frequency;Permittivity measurement;Ethanol;Harmonic analysis;Semiconductor device measurement;Bridge circuits;Chemical and biological sensors;CMOS integrated circuits;Microwave sensors;Permittivity.

  46. Optical Performance of a Wideband 28nm CMOS Double Bow-Tie Slot Antenna for Imaging Applications
    van Berkel, S.L.; Malotaux, E.S.; Cavallo, D.; Spirito, M.; Neto, A.; LLombart, N.;
    In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2018.8510373
    Keywords: ... Radiometry;Antenna measurements;Lenses;Wideband;Slot antennas;Broadband antennas.

  47. Parameterization Models for Traceable Characterization of Planar CPW SOL Calibration Standards
    Mubarak, F.; Mascolo, V.; Rietveld, G.; Spirito, M.; Daffe, K.; Haddadi, K.;
    In 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018),
    pp. 1-2, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2018.8500810
    Keywords: ... Uncertainty;Calibration;Coplanar waveguides;Standards;Frequency measurement;Measurement uncertainty;Probes;nanostructures;co-planar waveguide;on-wafer calibration;EM simulation;VNA;measurement uncertainty;precision measurements;traceability.

  48. Complex Permittivity Extraction of Layered Biological Samples
    Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Mascolo, Vincenzo; Romano, Raffaele; Neto, Andrea; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2018 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS,
    pp. 1573-1576, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2018.8439281
    Keywords: ... Permittivity;Probes;Permittivity measurement;Dielectrics;Skin;Tools;Complex permittivity;coaxial probe;microwave;RFM;food quality.

  49. Direct mm-Wave On-Wafer Power Calibration Employing CMOS as a Transfer Device
    De Martino, C.; Malotaux, E. S.; Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2018 91st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2018.8423821
    Keywords: ... Microwave measurement;Meters;MOSFET;Power measurement;Power control;Measurement uncertainty;Time measurement;mm-wave;power calibration;power control;on-wafer;S-parameters;large signal characterization;square-law detector.

  50. On the Impact of Radiation Losses in TRL Calibrations
    Spirito, M.; De Martino, C.; Galatro, L.;
    In 2018 91st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-3, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2018.8423820
    Keywords: ... Substrates;Calibration;Coplanar waveguides;Metals;Boundary conditions;Permittivity;Dielectrics;Surface waves;multimode propagation;dispersion;on-wafer calibration;(sub)mm-wave.

  51. A Planar Near-Field Setup for Millimeter-Wave System-Embedded Antenna Testing
    Alonso-delPino, Maria; Rosa, Marco di; Simeoni, Massimiliano; Spella, Maristella; De Martino, Carmine; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,
    Volume 16, pp. 83-86, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2557239
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Probes;Semiconductor device measurement;Antenna radiation patterns;Phase measurement;Frequency measurement;Embedded antenna;near-field measurement;on-module antenna.

  52. Millimeter-Wave On-Wafer TRL Calibration Employing 3-D EM Simulation-Based Characteristic Impedance Extraction
    Galatro, Luca; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 65, Issue 4, pp. 1315-1323, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2609413
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Impedance;Transmission line measurements;Capacitance;Substrates;Impedance measurement;Coplanar waveguides;Calibration;characteristic impedance;measurement;millimeter wave;silicon;TRL;vector network analyzer.

  53. Performance of THz Components Based on Microstrip PECVD SiNx Technology
    Finkel, Matvey; Thierschmann, Holger; Galatro, Luca; Katan, Allard J.; Thoen, David J.; de Visser, Pieter J.; Spirito, Marco; Klapwijk, Teun M.;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 7, Issue 6, pp. 765-771, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2759507
    Keywords: ... Transmission line measurements;Power transmission lines;Dielectrics;Couplers;Submillimeter wave circuits;Coplanar waveguides;Micromechanical devices;Coupling circuits;micromechanical devices;submillimeter wave circuits;thin film circuits.

  54. A Total-Power Radiometer Front End in a 0.25- $\mu \textm$ BiCMOS Technology With Low $1/f$ -Corner
    Malotaux, Satoshi; Babaie, Masoud; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 52, Issue 9, pp. 2256-2266, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2017.2705659
    Keywords: ... Radiometry;Detectors;Radio frequency;Bandwidth;Signal to noise ratio;Antennas;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Direct detection;flicker noise;low-noise amplifier (LNA);millimeter-wave (mm-wave);radiometer;square-law detector.

  55. Capacitively Loaded Inverted CPWs for Distributed TRL-Based De-Embedding at (Sub) mm-Waves
    Galatro, Luca; Pawlak, Andreas; Schroter, Michael; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 65, Issue 12, pp. 4914-4924, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2727498
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Coplanar waveguides;Substrates;Dielectrics;Impedance;Power transmission lines;Transmission line measurements;CPW;distributed de-embedding;millimeter waves;silicon;slow wave;thru-reflect line (TRL);VNA.

  56. Wideband single pixel radiometer in CMOS
    van Berkel, S.L.; Malotaux, E.S.; Cavallo, D.; Spirito, M.; Neto, A.; Llombart, N.;
    In 2017 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2017.8067166
    Keywords: ... Detectors;Imaging;Antennas;Radiometry;Lenses;Silicon;Schottky diodes.

  57. Integrated waveguide power combiners with artificial dielectrics for mm-wave systems
    Hu, Zhebin; Alonso-delPino, Maria; Cavallo, Daniele; Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS),
    pp. 646-649, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058652
    Keywords: ... Pins;Power combiners;Impedance;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Prototypes;Probes;Integrated circuit;BiCMOS;waveguide;artificial dielectric;power combiner;(sub)millimeter-wave.

  58. A near-field setup with independent amplitude and phase control of the stimuli for phased antenna testing
    De Martino, Carmine; Spirito, Marco; Lager, Ioan E.; Simeoni, Massimiliano;
    In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP),
    pp. 2851-2855, 2017. DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928515
    Keywords: ... Antenna arrays;Antenna measurements;Antenna radiation patterns;Testing;Calibration;Europe.

  59. IC calibration kits and de-embedding techniques for sub-mm-wave device characterization
    Spirito, M.; Galatro, L.;
    In 2017 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS),
    pp. 1-4, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/CSICS.2017.8240449
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Transmission line measurements;Metals;Frequency measurement;Impedance;Power transmission lines;Scattering parameters;TRL;CL-ICPW;vector network analizers;distributed de-embedding.

  60. Design and linearity analysis of a D-band power amplifier in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology
    Hu, Z.; Sarris, G.; De Martino, C.; Spirito, M.; McCune, E.;
    In 2017 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS),
    pp. 1-4, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/CSICS.2017.8240469
    Keywords: ... Silicon germanium;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Power amplifiers;Heterojunction bipolar transistors;Radiofrequency integrated circuits;CMOS technology;Millimeter wave integrated circuits;D-band;HBT;millimeter-wave integrated circuits;power amplifier (PA);silicon-germanium (SiGe).

  61. Dielectric measurements of mangoes from 0.5GHz to 20GHz using a custom open-ended coaxial probe
    Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Matacena, Ilaria; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC),
    pp. 958-961, 2017. DOI: 10.23919/EuMC.2017.8231005
    Keywords: ... Probes;Permittivity;Permittivity measurement;Dielectrics;Calibration;Apertures;Complex permittivity;coaxial probe;microwave;RFM.

  62. Near- and Far-Field Characterization of Planar mm-Wave Antenna Arrays with Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition
    Salhi, Mohammed Adnan; Kazemipour, Alireza; Gentille, Gennaro; Spirito, Marco; Kleine-Ostmann, Thomas; Schrader, Thorsten;
    Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves,
    Volume 37, Issue 9, pp. 857--873, 2016.
    document

  63. Contactless Measurement of Absolute Voltage Waveforms by a Passive Electric-Field Probe
    Hou, Rui; Spirito, Marco; Van Rijs, Fred; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,
    Volume 26, Issue 12, pp. 1008-1010, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2016.2623250
    Keywords: ... Circuit testing;Nonlinear network analysis;Calibration;Capacitance;Voltage measurement;Microstrip;Microwave measurement;Calibration;electric-field probe;microwave circuit testing;nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA).

  64. Nonintrusive Near-Field Characterization of Spatially Distributed Effects in Large-Periphery High-Power GaN HEMTs
    Hou, Rui; Lorenzini, Martino; Spirito, Marco; Roedle, Thomas; van Rijs, Fred; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 64, Issue 11, pp. 4048-4062, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2613525
    Keywords: ... Gallium nitride;HEMTs;MODFETs;Load modeling;Power measurement;Logic gates;Device characterization;gallium nitride (GaN);high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT);near-field measurement.

  65. Branchline and directional THz coupler based on PECVD SiNx-technology
    Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H. R.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.;
    In 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2016.7758586
    Keywords: ... Microstrip;Fixtures;Coplanar waveguides;Couplers;Standards;Probes;Dielectrics.

  66. Characterization of broadband low-NEP SiGe square-law detectors for mm-wave passive imaging
    Malotaux, E.S.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2016.7539967
    Keywords: ... Detectors;Resistors;Silicon germanium;BiCMOS integrated circuits;1f noise;Frequency modulation;Broadband communication;Square law detector;millimeter-wave;BiCMOS;SiGe;flicker noise;1/f-noise;poly-silicon resistor.

  67. On the definition of reference planes in probe-level calibrations
    Galatro, Luca; Mubarak, Faisal; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2016 87th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2016.7501968
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Probes;Standards;Data models;Substrates;Solid modeling;Measurement uncertainty;VNA;calibration;on-wafer;EM simulation;wafer probes;RSOL.

  68. BiCMOS integrated waveguide with artificial dielectric at submillimeter wave frequencies
    Pino, M. Alonso-del; Shivamurthy, H. Thippur; Cavallo, D.; Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2016.7540093
    Keywords: ... Permittivity;Dielectrics;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Pins;Metals;Microstrip;Prototypes;BiCMOS;integrated waveguide;artificial dielectric (AD);submillimeter-wave.

  69. A passive total power radiometer in 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS for millimeter-wave imaging
    Malotaux, E.S.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2016 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM),
    pp. 118-121, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/BCTM.2016.7738949
    Keywords: ... BiCMOS integrated circuits;Silicon germanium;Capacitance;Detectors;Noise measurement;Presence network agents;Nickel;passive radiometry;millimeter-wave;low-noise amplifier;square-law detector;low flicker-noise;Millimeter IC.

  70. Power level control of mm-wave test benches for accurate small and large-signal DUT measurements
    De Martino, C.; Hu, Z.; Galatro, L.; Sarris, G.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2016 88th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2016.7839723
    Keywords: ... Power measurement;Frequency measurement;Scattering parameters;Calibration;Power control;Frequency control;Ports (Computers);Power control;Power calibration;S-parameters measurements;mm-wave;sub-mm-wave.

  71. Fused silica based RSOL calibration substrate for improved probelevel calibration accuracy
    Galatro, Luca; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2016 88th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2016.7839721
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Standards;Silicon compounds;Load modeling;Transmission line measurements;Probes;Frequency measurement;VNA;calibration;on-wafer;probe-level;RSOL;fused silica.

  72. A 40-nm CMOS permittivity sensor for chemical/biological material characterization at RF/microwave frequencies
    Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Spirito, Marco; Pertijs, Michiel A. P.; de Vreede, Leo C.N.;
    In 2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS),
    pp. 1-4, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2016.7540260
    Keywords: ... Bridge circuits;Permittivity;Frequency measurement;Permittivity measurement;Dielectrics;Semiconductor device measurement;CMOS integrated circuits;Bridge circuits;Chemical and biological sensors;CMOS integrated circuits;Microwave sensors;Permittivity.

  73. Design, Fabrication, and Measurements of a 0.3 THz On-Chip Double Slot Antenna Enhanced by Artificial Dielectrics
    Syed, Waqas H.; Fiorentino, Giuseppe; Cavallo, Daniele; Spirito, Marco; Sarro, Pasqualina M.; Neto, Andrea;
    IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,
    Volume 5, Issue 2, pp. 288-298, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2399276
    Keywords: ... Dielectrics;Antenna feeds;Silicon;Metals;Slot antennas;Slabs;Artificial dielectric;front-to-back ratio;integrated antennas;surface waves.

  74. Silicon-Based Technology for Integrated Waveguides and mm-Wave Systems
    Jovanović, Vladimir; Gentile, Gennaro; Dekker, Ronald; de Graaf, Pascal; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Nanver, Lis K.; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,
    Volume 62, Issue 10, pp. 3153-3159, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TED.2015.2466441
    Keywords: ... Waveguide transitions;Silicon;Rectangular waveguides;Metals;Waveguide components;Capacitors;Resistors;Deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE);IC technology;millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system;substrate transfer;substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW);waveguide.;Deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE);IC technology;millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system;substrate transfer;substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW);waveguide.

  75. A wideband 60 GHz class-E/F2 power amplifier in 40nm CMOS
    Babaie, Masoud; Staszewski, Robert Bogdan; Galatro, Luca; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2015 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC),
    pp. 215-218, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/RFIC.2015.7337743
    Keywords: ... Transistors;CMOS integrated circuits;Switching circuits;Oscillators;Frequency modulation;Impedance matching;Switches;Power amplifier;mm-wave;class-E/F2;switched-mode;transformer;PA stability.

  76. Improved RSOL planar calibration via EM modelling and reduced spread resistive layers
    Spirito, M.; Galatro, L.; Lorito, G.; Zoumpoulidis, T.; Mubarak, F.;
    In 2015 86th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-5, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2015.7381473
    Keywords: ... Standards;Calibration;Load modeling;Computational modeling;Integrated circuit modeling;Data models;Probes;VNA;calibration;on-wafer;EM simulation;fused silica.

  77. An IQ-steering technique for amplitude and phase control of mm-wave signals
    Visweswaran, Akshay; de Martino, Carmine; Sirignano, Emilio; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2015 86th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-4, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2015.7381471
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Mixers;Phase modulation;Phase measurement;Hardware;Minimization;IQ modulation;phase coherent;calibration;mm-wave.

  78. A simplified calibration procedure for on-wafer power levelled S-parameter measurements at mm-wave
    Galbano, S.; Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 85th Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-3, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2015.7162908
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Probes;Scattering parameters;Frequency measurement;Power measurement;Frequency control;Radio frequency.

  79. Evaluation and modeling of measurement resolution of a vector network analyzer for extreme impedance measurements
    Mubarak, Faisal; Romano, Raffaele; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2015 86th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-3, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2015.7381475
    Keywords: ... Impedance measurement;Impedance;Calibration;Electrical resistance measurement;Instruments;Couplers;Reflection;Extreme impedance;S-parameter;VNA;interferometric principle;active compensation;SMM.

  80. BiCMOS integrated waveguide power combiner at submillimeter-wave frequencies
    Alonso-delPino, M.; Cavallo, D.; Thippur-Shivamurthy, H.; Gao, H.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2015.7327937
    Keywords: ... Metals;Power combiners;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Permittivity;Dielectrics;Silicon germanium;Pins.

  81. Calibration and characterization techniques for on-wafer device characterization
    Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 IEEE 13th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS),
    pp. 1-4, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/NEWCAS.2015.7181978
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Coplanar waveguides;Substrates;Silicon compounds;Frequency measurement;Three-dimensional displays;Power measurement;Surface waves;multimode propagation;dispersion;on-wafer calibration;(sub)mm-wave.

  82. Medium-range propagation flexible waveguides at millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave frequencies
    Alonso-delPino, M.; Llombart, N.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2015.7327864
    Keywords: ... Dielectric losses;Optical fibers;Propagation losses;Periodic structures.

  83. Power control for S-parameters and large signal characterization at (sub)-mmWave frequencies
    Galatro, L.; Galbano, S.; Santaniello, A.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 85th Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG),
    pp. 1-4, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2015.7162903
    Keywords: ... Frequency measurement;Power measurement;Thermal stability;Calibration;Power control;Frequency control;Standards;mm-wave characterization;vector network analyzer (VNA);S-parameters;large signal characterization.

  84. An I/Q-mixer-steering interferometric technique for high-sensitivity measurement of extreme impedances
    Vlachogiannakis, Gerasimos; Shivamurthy, Harshitha Thippur; Del Pino, Maria Alonso; Spirito, Marco;
    In 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium,
    pp. 1-4, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2015.7166830
    Keywords: ... Dielectric measurement;Impedance measurement;Microwave measurement;Interferometry;Microwave imaging;Microwave theory and techniques;interferometry;impedance measurement;dielectric measurement;microwave imaging.

  85. Analysis of residual errors due to calibration transfer in on-wafer measurements at mm-wave frequencies
    Galatro, L.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2015 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting - BCTM,
    pp. 141-144, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/BCTM.2015.7340569
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Probes;Substrates;Silicon compounds;Silicon germanium;Measurement uncertainty;Transmission line matrix methods;vector network analyzer (VNA);calibration;probe coupling;millimeter wave;thru-reflect-line (TRL).

  86. Non-intrusive near-field characterization of distributed effects in large-periphery LDMOS RF power transistors
    Hou, Rui; Spirito, Marco; Heeres, Rob; van Rijs, Fred; de Vreede, Leo C.N.;
    In 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium,
    pp. 1-3, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2015.7166945
    Keywords: ... Radio frequency;Indexes;Modems;Performance evaluation;Distributed effects;LDMOS;near-field measurement;power amplifiers.

  87. Front-to-back ratio enhancement of on-chip antenna using artificial dielectrics at 300 GHz
    Syed, W. H.; Fiorentino, G.; Cavallo, D.; Spirito, M.; Neto, A.; Sarro, P. M.;
    In 2014 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium),
    pp. 140-140, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2014.6955522
    Keywords: ... Antenna measurements;Dielectrics;Antenna radiation patterns;System-on-chip;Silicon;Prototypes.

  88. A method for de-embedding cable flexure errors in S-parameter measurements
    Mubarak, Faisal; Rietveld, Gert; Spirito, Marco;
    In 83rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-5, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2014.6899529
    Keywords: ... Calibration;Measurement uncertainty;Standards;Scattering parameters;Impedance;Semiconductor device measurement;Impedance measurement;S-parameters;cable errors;VNA;PNA;cable flexure;impedance;de-embedding;measurement techniques;RF.

  89. Enhancement of front to back ratio of on chip antenna by artificial dielectrics at 300 GHz
    Syed, W. H.; Fiorentino, G.; Cavallo, D.; Spirito, M.; Neto, A.; Sarro, P. M.;
    In 2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz),
    pp. 1-2, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2014.6956185
    Keywords: ... Dielectrics;Antenna measurements;Slot antennas;Transmission line measurements;System-on-chip;Substrates.

  90. A package-integratable six-port reflectometer for power devices
    Venter, Razvan G.; Rui Hou; Buisman, Koen; Spirito, Marco; Werner, Klaus; de Vreede, Leo C.N.;
    In 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014),
    pp. 1-4, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2014.6848549
    Keywords: ... Pollution measurement;Monitoring;Load modeling;Frequency measurement;Microwave measurement;Abstracts;Layout;Bondwire;directional coupler;package integration;power amplifier;reflection coefficient measurement;six-port reflectometer.

  91. A 60-GHz Passive Broadband Multibeam Antenna System in Fused Silica Technology
    Foglia Manzillo, Francesco; Nastri, Raffaele; Spella, Maristella; Gentile, Gennaro; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,
    Volume 12, pp. 1376-1379, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2286207
    Keywords: ... Broadband antennas;Butler matrices;Antenna measurements;Arrays;Microstrip;Loss measurement;Bandwidth;Butler matrix;millimeter-wave (mm-wave);multibeam antenna;passive beamforming;quartz technology.

  92. Silicon-Filled Rectangular Waveguides and Frequency Scanning Antennas for mm-Wave Integrated Systems
    Gentile, Gennaro; Jovanović, Vladimir; Pelk, Marco J.; Jiang, Lai; Dekker, Ronald; de Graaf, P.; Rejaei, Behzad; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Nanver, Lis K.; Spirito, Marco;
    IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,
    Volume 61, Issue 12, pp. 5893-5901, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2281518
    Keywords: ... Arrays;Waveguide transitions;Frequency measurement;Coplanar waveguides;Transmission line measurements;Rectangular waveguides;Metals;Flip-chip;frequency scanning array;integration;mm-wave interconnect;mm-wave system;radar;substrate integrated waveguide (SIW);W-band;waveguide.

  93. Multimode analysis of transmission lines and substrates for (sub)mm-wave calibration
    Spirito, M.; Gentile, G.; Akhnoukh, A.;
    In 82nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-6, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG-2.2013.6737356
    Keywords: ... Coplanar waveguides;Substrates;Calibration;Silicon compounds;Metals;Three-dimensional displays;Solid modeling;Surface waves;multimode propagation;dispersion;on-wafer calibration;(sub)mm-wave.

  94. Ultra-wide band CPW to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transition based on a U-shaped slot antenna
    Gentile, G.; Rejaei, B.; Jovanović, V.; Nanver, L.K.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Spirito, M.;
    In 2013 European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference,
    pp. 25-28, 2013.
    Keywords: ... Coplanar waveguides;Waveguide transitions;Electromagnetic waveguides;Slot antennas;Resonant frequency;Substrates;Impedance;Coplanar Waveguide (CPW);Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW);transition;U-shaped slot;ultra-wide band.

  95. A CMOS-compatible metamaterial to enhance the front to back radiation ratio in terahertz antenna for sensing application
    Fiorentino, G.; Syed, W.; Santagata, F.; Spirito, M.; Pandraud, G.; Neto, A.; Sarro, P. M.; Adam, A. J. L.;
    In SENSORS, 2013 IEEE,
    pp. 1-4, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688503
    Keywords: ... Silicon;Stress;Metals;Slot antennas;Metamaterials;Dielectrics.

  96. Characterizing cable flexure effects in S-parameter measurements
    Mubarak, Faisal; Rietveld, Gert; Hoogenboom, Dennis; Spirito, Marco;
    In 82nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-7, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG-2.2013.6737336
    Keywords: ... Coaxial cables;Measurement uncertainty;Noise;Calibration;Vectors;Scattering parameters;Monte Carlo methods;VNA;PNA;S-parameters;cable effects;cable flexure;impedance;de-embedding;measurement;measurement techniques.

  97. An FM demodulator operating across 2–10GHz IF
    Visweswaran, Akshay; Long, John R.; Galatro, Luca; Spirito, Marco; Staszewski, Robert B.;
    In 2013 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC),
    pp. 213-216, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/RFIC.2013.6569564
    Keywords: ... Demodulation;Wideband;Frequency shift keying;Mixers;CMOS integrated circuits;Receivers;FM demodulator;injection locking;auto-correlation;FM deviation;low-power;wideband.

  98. Large signal characterization of millimeter wave devices using mixed signal active load-pull
    Galatro, L.; Akhnoukh, A.; Magnée, P.; Marchetti, M.; Spirito, M.;
    In 82nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-5, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG-2.2013.6737343
    Keywords: ... Semiconductor device measurement;Frequency measurement;Power measurement;Performance evaluation;Gain measurement;Standards;Load modeling;active load-pull;mixed-signal;mm-wave characterization;large-signal;open-loop.

  99. Non-intrusive characterization of active device interactions in high-efficiency power amplifiers
    Hou, Rui; Spirito, Marco; Gajadharsing, John; de Vreede, Leo C.N.;
    In 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT),
    pp. 1-3, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2013.6697599
    Keywords: ... Current measurement;Probes;Ports (Computers);Power amplifiers;Semiconductor device measurement;Power generation;Voltage measurement;Active load modulation;near-field measurement;RF power amplifiers.

  100. Device characterization for LTE applications with wideband baseband, fundamental and harmonic impedance control
    Manjanna, A. Kumar; Marchetti, M.; Buisman, K.; Spirito, M.; Pelk, M. J.; de Vreede, L. C. N.;
    In 2013 European Microwave Conference,
    pp. 255-258, 2013. DOI: 10.23919/EuMC.2013.6686639
    Keywords: ... Baseband;Impedance;Harmonic analysis;Linearity;Wideband;Impedance measurement.

  101. Synthesized pulsed bias for device characterization
    Kumar Manjanna, A.; Buisman, K.; Spirito, M.; Marchetti, M.; Pelk, M.; de Vreede, L. C. N.;
    In 81st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-4, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2013.6579031
    Keywords: ... Pulse measurements;Voltage measurement;Calibration;Microwave measurement;Semiconductor device measurement;Shape;Microwave theory and techniques;Isothermal;characterization;pulsed;pulse shaping;ideal pulses.

  102. Passive Circuit Technologies for mm-Wave Wireless Systems on Silicon
    J. R. Long; Y. Zhao; W. Wu; M. Spirito; L. Vera; E. Gordon;
    IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers,
    Volume 59, Issue 8, pp. 1680-1693, Aug 2012.

  103. An Experimental Power-Lines Model for Digital ASICs Based on Transmission Lines
    M. Costagliola; D. de Caro; A. Girardi; R. Izzi; N. Rinaldi; M. Spirito; P. Spirito;
    IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,
    Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 162-166, Jan 2012.

  104. 60 GHz mixed signal active load-pull system for millimeter wave devices characterization
    L. Galatro; M. Marchetti; M. Spirito;
    In 80th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-6, Nov 2012.

  105. Silicon integrated waveguide technology for mm-wave frequency scanning array
    Gentile, G.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N; Rejaei, B.; Dekker, R.; de Graaf, P.;
    In 2012 7th European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference,
    pp. 234-237, 2012.

  106. Contactless measurement of in-circuit reflection coefficients
    Rui Hou; Spirito, Marco; Kooij, Bert-Jan; van Rijs, Fred; de Vreede, Leo C.N.;
    In 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest,
    pp. 1-3, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2012.6259588

  107. Silicon VLSI catches the millimeter wave
    J. R. Long; W. L. Chan; Y. Zhao; M. Spirito;
    IEEE Communications Magazine,
    Volume 49, Issue 10, pp. 182-189, Oct 2011.

  108. A 4dB NF 60GHz-band low-noise amplifier with balanced outputs
    Y. Jin; J. R. Long; M. Spirito;
    In 2011 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting,
    pp. 115-118, Oct 2011.

  109. A 7dB NF 60GHz-band millimeter-wave transconductance mixer
    Y. Jin; J. R. Long; M. Spirito;
    In 2011 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
    pp. 1-4, June 2011.

  110. Compact mm-wave power combiners in 65nm CMOS-SOI
    Y. Zhao; J. R. Long; M. Spirito;
    In 2011 IEEE 11th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems,
    pp. 33-36, Jan 2011.

  111. A 60GHz-band 20dBm power amplifier with 20% peak PAE
    Y. Zhao; J. R. Long; M. Spirito;
    In 2011 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
    pp. 1-4, June 2011.

  112. Circuit technologies for mm-wave wireless systems on silicon
    J. R. Long; Y. Zhao; Y. Jin; W. Wu; M. Spirito;
    In 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC),
    pp. 1-8, Sept 2011.

  113. A +18dBm, 79 #x2013;87.5GHz bandwidth power amplifier in 0.13 #x00B5;m SiGe-BiCMOS
    Y. Zhao; J. R. Long; M. Spirito; A. B. Akhnoukh;
    In 2011 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting,
    pp. 17-20, Oct 2011.

  114. An effective key management scheme for mobile heterogeneous sensor networks
    S. U. Khan; L. Lavagno; C. Pastrone; M. Spirito;
    In International Conference on Information Society (i-Society 2011),
    pp. 98-103, June 2011.

  115. An energy and memory-efficient key management scheme for mobile heterogeneous sensor networks
    S. U. Khan; C. Pastrone; L. Lavagno; M. A. Spirito;
    In 2011 6th International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS),
    pp. 1-8, Sept 2011.

  116. Millimeter-wave integrated waveguides on silicon
    Gentile, G.; Dekker, R.; de Graaf, P.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L. C. N.; Rejaei, B.;
    In 2011 IEEE 11th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems,
    pp. 37-40, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/SIRF.2011.5719314

  117. Silicon Filled Integrated Waveguides
    Gentile, G.; Dekker, Ronald; de Graaf, Pascal; Spirito, M.; Pelk, M. J.; de Vreede, L. C. N.; Rejaei Salmassi, B.;
    IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,
    Volume 20, Issue 10, pp. 536-538, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2010.2063420

  118. A 60GHz-band 2 #x00D7;2 phased-array transmitter in 65nm CMOS
    W. L. Chan; J. R. Long; M. Spirito; J. J. Pekarik;
    In 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC),
    pp. 42-43, Feb 2010.

  119. Compact transformer power combiners for millimeter-wave wireless applications
    Y. Zhao; J. R. Long; M. Spirito;
    In 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
    pp. 223-226, May 2010.

  120. A 60GHz-band Millimeter-wave active balun with #x00B1;5 #x00B0; phase error
    Y. Jin; M. Spirito; J. R. Long;
    In The 5th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference,
    pp. 210-213, Sept 2010.

  121. Antenna interface for mm-wave communication
    S. Malevsky; M. Spirito; J. R. Long;
    In 2010 Loughborough Antennas Propagation Conference,
    pp. 565-568, Nov 2010.

  122. A multi-step phase calibration procedure for closely spaced multi-tone signals
    Mirra, M.; Marchetti, M.; Tessitore, F.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Betts, L.;
    In 75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-5, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496320

  123. A mixed-signal load-pull system for base-station applications
    Marchetti, Mauro; Heeres, Rob; Squillante, Michele; Pelk, Marco; Spirito, Marco; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    In 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
    pp. 491-494, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/RFIC.2010.5477381

  124. Enhanced RF power amplifiers and device characterization setups using coherent mixed-signal techniques
    de Vreede, L.C.N.; Pelk, M.; Neo, E.; Qureshi, J.; Spirito, M.; Squillante, M.; Marchetti, M.;
    In 2010 IEEE 11th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON),
    pp. 1-5, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/WAMICON.2010.5461858

  125. Millimeter-wave passive components on silicon for wireless communication applications
    Y. Zhao; Y. Jin; M. Spirito; J. R. Long;
    In 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2009),
    pp. 972-975, Dec 2009.

  126. Thermal simulation and ultrafast IR temperature mapping of a Smart Power Switch for automotive applications
    M. Riccio; A. Irace; G. Breglio; P. Spirito; V. Kosel; M. Glavanovics; A. Satka;
    In 2009 21st International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices IC's,
    pp. 200-203, June 2009.

  127. A 60GHz-band 1V 11.5dBm power amplifier with 11% PAE in 65nm CMOS
    W. L. Chan; J. R. Long; M. Spirito; J. J. Pekarik;
    In 2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers,
    pp. 380-381,381a, Feb 2009.

  128. Energy Detection Spectrum Sensing with Discontinuous Primary User Signal
    F. Penna; C. Pastrone; M. A. Spirito; R. Garello;
    In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications,
    pp. 1-5, June 2009.

  129. Probability of Missed Detection in Eigenvalue Ratio Spectrum Sensing
    F. Penna; R. Garello; M. A. Spirito;
    In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications,
    pp. 117-122, Oct 2009.

  130. A mixed-signal approach for high-speed fully controlled multidimensional load-pull parameters sweep
    Squillante, Michele; Marchetti, Mauro; Spirito, Marco; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    In 2009 73rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference,
    pp. 1-5, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2009.5278074

  131. Active Harmonic Load–Pull With Realistic Wideband Communications Signals
    Marchetti, Mauro; Pelk, Marco J.; Buisman, Koen; Neo, W. C. Edmund; Spirito, Marco; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 56, Issue 12, pp. 2979-2988, 2008. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2007330

  132. A Monolithic Low-Distortion Low-Loss Silicon-on-Glass Varactor-Tuned Filter With Optimized Biasing
    Buisman, Koen; de Vreede, Leo C. N.; Larson, Lawrence E.; Spirito, Marco; Akhnoukh, Atef; Lin, Yu; Liu, Xiao-dong; Nanver, Lis K.;
    IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,
    Volume 17, Issue 1, pp. 58-60, 2007. DOI: 10.1109/LMWC.2006.887262

  133. Active Harmonic Load–Pull for On-Wafer Out-of-Band Device Linearity Optimization
    Spirito, Marco; Pelk, Marco J.; van Rijs, Fred; Theeuwen, Steven J. C. H.; Hartskeerl, Dave; de Vreede, Leo C. N.;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 54, Issue 12, pp. 4225-4236, 2006. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2006.885568

  134. A pulsed network analyzer for high dynamic range isothermal measurements
    Marchetti, M.; Pelk, M.; Buisman, K.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L. C. N.;
    In 2006 68th ARFTG Conference: Microwave Measurement,
    pp. 1-4, 2006. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2006.8361670

  135. Surface-passivated high-resistivity silicon as a true microwave substrate
    Spirito, M.; De Paola, F.M.; Nanver, L.K.; Valletta, E.; Bifeng Rong; Rejaei, B.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
    Volume 53, Issue 7, pp. 2340-2347, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2005.850435

  136. On the optimum 2nd harmonic source and load impedances for the efficiency-linearity trade-off of RF LDMOS power amplifiers
    D. M. H. Hartskeerl; I. Volokhine; M. Spirito;
    In 2005 IEEE Radio Frequency integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium - Digest of Papers,
    pp. 447-450, June 2005.

  137. “Distortion-Free” Varactor Diode Topologies for RF Adaptivity
    Buisman, K.; de Vreede, L. C. N.; Larson, L.E.; Spirito, M.; Akhnoukh, A.; Scholtes, T.L.M.; Nanver, L. K.;
    In IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005.,
    pp. 157-160, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2005.1516547

  138. Improved hybrid SiGe HBT class-AB power amplifier efficiency using varactor-based tunable matching networks
    Neo, W.C.E.; Liu, X.; Lin, Y.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Larson, L.E.; Spirito, S.; Akhnoukh, A.; de Graauw, A.; Nanver, L.K.;
    In Proceedings of the Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting, 2005.,
    pp. 108-111, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/BIPOL.2005.1555211

  139. Experimental procedure to optimize out-of-band terminations for highly linear and power efficient bipolar class-AB RF amplifiers
    Spirito, M.; van der Heijden, M.P.; Pelk, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Zampardi, P.J.; Larson, L.E.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In Proceedings of the Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting, 2005.,
    pp. 112-115, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/BIPOL.2005.1555212

  140. Low-distortion, low-loss varactor-based adaptive matching networks, implemented in a silicon-on-glass technology
    Buisman, K.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Larson, L.E.; Spirito, M.; Akhnoukh, A.; Lin, Y.; Liu, X.; Nanver, L.K.;
    In 2005 IEEE Radio Frequency integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium - Digest of Papers,
    pp. 389-392, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/RFIC.2005.1489820

  141. Large signal verification of the circuit-oriented smoothie database model for LDMOS devices
    Cuoco, V.; Yanson, O.; Hammes, P.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Steenwijk, A.v.; Versleijen, M.; Neo, W.C.E.; Jos, H.F.F.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In 34th European Microwave Conference, 2004.,
    pp. 217-220, 2004.

  142. A technique to linearize LDMOS power amplifiers based on derivative superposition and out-of-band impedance optimization
    W.C.E. Neo; van der Heijden, M.P.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Spirito, M.; Cuoco, V.; van Rijs, F.;
    In 34th European Microwave Conference, 2004.,
    pp. 1173-1175, 2004.

  143. Base-band impedance control and calibration for on-wafer linearity measurements
    Pelk, M.J.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Spirito, M.; Jos, J.H.;
    In ARFTG 63rd Conference, Spring 2004,
    pp. 35-40, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2004.1387852

  144. On the optimum biasing and input out-of-band terminations of linear and power efficient class-AB bipolar RF amplifiers
    van der Heijden, M.P.; Spirito, M.; Pelk, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 Meeting,
    pp. 44-47, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/BIPOL.2004.1365741

  145. The electro-thermal Smoothie database model for LDMOS devices
    Cuoco, V.; Neo, W.C.E.; Spirito, M.; Yanson, O.; Nenadovic, N.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Jos, H.F.F.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In Proceedings of the 30th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX850),
    pp. 457-460, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/ESSDER.2004.1356590

  146. A novel active harmonic load-pull setup for on-wafer device linearity characterization
    Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; de Kok, M.; Pelk, M.; Hartskeerl, D.; Jos, H.F.F.; Mueller, J.E.; Burghartz, J.;
    In 2004 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37535),
    pp. 1217-1220 Vol.2, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2004.1339207

  147. Power amplifier PAE and ruggedness optimization by second-harmonic control
    Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Nanver, L.K.; Weber, S.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
    Volume 38, Issue 9, pp. 1575-1583, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.815918

  148. A calibration procedure for on-wafer differential load-pull measurements
    Spirito, M.; van der Heijden, M.P.; de Kok, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.;
    In 61st ARFTG Conference Digest, Spring 2003.,
    pp. 1-4, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/ARFTGS.2003.1216860

  149. A 2 GHz high-gain differential InGaP HBT driver amplifier matched for high IP3
    van der Heijden, M.P.; Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; van Straten, F.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003,
    pp. 235-238 vol.1, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210923

  150. Low-loss passives for 2nd-harmonic termination control in power amplifiers for mobile applications
    Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Nanver, L.K.; Mueller, J.E.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In 2003 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, 2003. Digest of Papers.,
    pp. 49-52, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/SMIC.2003.1196666

  151. Power amplifier PAE and ruggedness optimization by second harmonic control
    Spirito, M.; de Vreede, L.C.N.; Nanver, L.K.; Weber, S.; Burghartz, J.N.;
    In Proceedings of the Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting,
    pp. 173-176, 2002. DOI: 10.1109/BIPOL.2002.1042911

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